2013년 11월 27일 수요일

About 'an ms degree or a ms degree'|... to one or two, instead of 23 out of 28...hydrological year follows as a commentary as before. See the URL..._SHOW_DELAY_MS%20%3D%20300%3B%0Avar%20LEO...







About 'an ms degree or a ms degree'|... to one or two, instead of 23 out of 28...hydrological year follows as a commentary as before. See the URL..._SHOW_DELAY_MS%20%3D%20300%3B%0Avar%20LEO...








               I               enjoyed               reading               Raymond               Bureau's               editorial               "               College               Graduates               and               Unemployment:               A               Teacher's               Perspective."               Mr.

Bureau               cites               recent               U               S               Department               of               Labor               statistics               that               the               unemployment               rate               for               college               attendees               now               exceeds               the               unemployment               rate               for               high               school               graduates.

For               this               to               have               occurred               is               really               amazing               when               you               consider               how               many               occupations               over               the               last               60               years               that               government               has               put               new               college               degree               requirements               on.

In               most               instances               the               college               degree               requirement               has               been               proved               unnecessary               as               professional               outcomes               have               not               been               improved               after               the               degree               requirement               was               instituted.

This               arrangement               has               set               up               a               self-fulfilling               prophecy               where               when               government               puts               more               unnecessary               degree               requirements               on               occupations-subsequently               the               government               can               truthfully               state               that               the               best               way               to               insure               employment               was               to               obtain               a               degree               (because               government               itself               by               putting               unnecessary               degree               requirements               on               occupations               where               a               degree               requirement               previously               did               not               exist-reduces               the               number               of               employment               opportunities               for               high               school               graduates).
               While               there               are               many               professions               where               the               government               has               put               unnecessary               degree               requirements               on               over               the               last               60               years-let's               explore               the               profession               Raymond               Bureau               is               engaged               in-teaching.

In               "               A               Short               History               of               United               States               Education               "-Page               14               described               the               credentialing               standard               for               teaching               in               the               1950s               "At               least               in               the               early               part               of               the               decade,               almost               half               of               elementary               teachers               had               no               college               degree."
               The               college               degree               requirement               to               teach               came               about               after               the               1950s               with               a               government               promise               this               would               result               in               a               more               competent               teaching               profession               yielding               vastly               superior               student               outcomes.

This               theory               wasn't               adequately               challenged               from               "the               get-go"               because               at               face               value               it               is               an               absurdity               to               think               that               requiring               someone               to               pass               college               level               algebra               in               order               to               teach               elementary               children               to               memorize               multiplication               tables               is               going               to               make               them               a               better               teacher.

Do               we               have               a               way               to               measure               student               outcomes               since               1950               today               to               verify               whether               the               teacher               degree               requirement               has               improved               student               outcomes?

We               have               such               a               measurement-the               SAT.

SAT               scores               have               been               in               decline               since               the               1960's               after               a               degree               requirement               became               almost               universal               on               the               teaching               profession.

Some               might               argue               declining               SAT               scores               are               tied               to               the               fact               that               more               students               take               the               test               that               aren't               as               good               of               students-and               there               may               be               some               truth               in               that,               but               what               the               people               who               make               this               argument               will               not               accept               is               that               this               is               tied               to               the               fact               that               expanding               the               SAT               to               lower               IQ               students               predicts               this               outcome               and               the               teaching               profession               has               been               unable               to               insure               that               low               IQ               children               aren't               left               behind               (requiring               a               college               degree               to               teach               doesn't               raise               the               IQ               for               those               students               on               the               left               side               of               The               Bell               Curve).

If               all               students               have               equivalent               intelligence               (the               indoctrination               imparted               to               students               in               America's               public               colleges               Education               Departments)               and               therefore               equal               opportunity               to               learn-then               the               argument               that               expanding               the               number               of               students               taking               the               SAT               is               why               scores               have               languished               is               defeated.

Additionally-the               argument               that               expanding               the               SAT               participation               rate               is               why               SAT               scores               have               fallen               because               more               unqualified               students               are               taking               the               test-itself               is               an               admission               that               requiring               a               college               degree               on               the               teaching               profession               has               not               raised               student               outcomes.
               Albert               Jay               Nock               started               to               see               disturbing               dogma               being               applied               to               education               80               years               ago               and               predicted               the               mess               we               have               today               in               his               book               titled               "               The               Theory               of               Education               in               The               United               States               ."               In               that               book               Nock               wrote:
               "Our               system               is               based               upon               the               assumption,               popularly               regarded               as               implicit               in               the               doctrine               of               equality,               that               everybody               is               educable.

This               has               been               taken               without               question               from               the               beginning;               it               is               taken               without               question               now.

The               whole               structure               of               our               system,               the               entire               arrangement               of               its               mechanics,               testifies               to               this.

Even               our               truant               laws               testify               to               it,               for               they               are               constructed               with               exclusive               reference               to               school-age,               not               to               school-ability.

When               we               attempt               to               run               this               assumption               back               to               the               philosophical               doctrine               of               equality,               we               cannot               do               it;               it               is               not               there,               nothing               like               it               is               there.

The               philosophical               doctrine               of               equality               gives               no               more               ground               for               the               assumption               that               all               men               are               educable               than               it               does               for               the               assumption               that               all               men               are               six               feet               tall.

We               see               at               once,               then,               that               it               is               not               the               philosophical               doctrine               of               equality,               but               an               utterly               untenable               popular               perversion               of               it,               that               we               find               at               the               basis               of               our               educational               system."
               Education               Departments               at               public               universities               saw               a               great               expansion               with               the               new               degree               requirement               on               teaching               after               1950.

Prior               to               the               degree               requirement               on               teaching               the               public               school               teaching               practices               were               centered               on               the               science               known               by               university               Psychometric               Departments.

K-12               students               were               IQ               tested               and               put               on               a               curriculum               appropriate               for               their               innate               intelligence.

As               Education               Departments               came               to               take               over               public               education               (strength               in               numbers)               the               science               applied               to               the               public               schools               previously               by               the               Psychometric               Departments               was               abandoned               for               flawed               "feel               good               education               ideology."               Unfortunately               this               dogma               has               lead               politicians               and               public               college               Presidents               to               not               worry               about               the               manufacturing               jobs               that               provided               the               average               IQ               with               a               path               to               middle               income               status               being               outsourced               overseas               for               foreigners               to               do               instead               of               Americans-because               the               dogma               presumes               those               with               average               IQ               and               lower               can               obtain               the               few               degrees               that               pay               well.

This               dogma               itself               is               a               substantial               reason               the               middle               class               is               in               steep               decline.
               The               scientific               knowledge               contained               in               the               Psychometric               Departments               at               public               colleges               is               course               curriculum               excluded               from               Education               Degree               Plans               at               most               public               colleges.

This               strongly               suggests               that               teacher               preparation               in               our               public               colleges               is               more               about               indoctrination               rather               than               imparting               scientific               knowledge               of               sound               education               theory.

In               essence-the               theory               (and               justification)               behind               requiring               a               degree               to               teach               is               the               argument               that               knowledge               gleaned               in               an               education               degree               plan               at               a               public               college               can               educate               a               teacher               to               have               the               ability               to               take               a               low               IQ               demographic               of               students               (commonly               mislabeled               by               the               education               establishment               as               either               "low               performing"               or               "at               risk")               and               obtain               equivalent               performance               to               a               demographic               of               high               IQ               students.

Efforts               along               those               lines               have               always               been-and               will               always               be-a               miserable               failure.

Most               high               school               graduates               don't               believe               this               fallacy               but               after               four               years               indoctrination               in               an               Education               Degree               Plan               at               a               public               college               most               obtaining               Education               Degrees               believe               the               fallacy               (indoctrination               of               fallacies               is               one               of               the               reasons               a               college               graduate               with               an               Education               Degree               is               less               competent               to               teach               than               a               high               school               graduate               who               is               yet               to               have               been               indoctrinated               into               a               false               belief               set               at               a               public               college).

This               is               not               the               only               phenomenon               which               suggests               that               there               is               a               problem               with               college               curriculum               making               people               less               competent-research               has               found               that               a               greater               percentage               of               college               graduates               believe               in               ghosts               than               do               the               percentage               of               high               school               graduates.
               When               it               was               learned               that               the               degree               requirement               on               teaching               didn't               improve               student               outcomes-but               government               wanted               more               Americans               to               go               to               college-the               means               by               which               government               increased               the               per               capita               rate               of               college               graduates               was               to               dumb               down               the               college               curriculum.

This               was               very               easy               to               do               because               government               runs               most               of               America's               colleges.

The               National               Association               of               Scholars               issued               a               scathing               1996               report               about               the               historical               dumbing               down               of               curriculum               in               America's               colleges               that               prompted               Phyllis               Schafly               to               write               an               editorial               titled               "               The               Dumbing               Down               of               America's               Colleges               ."               One               of               the               reasons               the               college               curriculum               needed               to               be               dumbed               down               was               so               that               prospective               teachers-most               of               whom               have               an               average               IQ               (which               is               all               that               is               necessary               to               teach               K-12               curriculum)               could               get               through               the               Education               Degree               Plan               even               though               the               degree               they               obtained               didn't               provide               them               with               any               more               worthwhile               education               than               the               prospective               teacher               left               high               school               with.

The               median               level               IQ               required               to               be               a               teacher               is               lower               than               what               is               required               to               be               in               an               administrative               occupation               .
               Some               education               professionals               have               the               courage               to               speak               out               against               current               degree/credentialing               requirements               for               teaching.

Samuel               Peavey,               an               emeritus               professor               of               education               at               the               University               of               Louisville               says               that               "               after               50               years               of               research,               we've               found               no               significant               relationship               between               teacher               certification               and               pupil               achievement.

It's               just               nil               ."               He               continued,               "We               mislead               parents               to               think               their               certified               teachers               will               provide               the               education               they               want.

We               mislead               the               public               to               put               its               money               on               a               preparation               that               is               simply               not               paying               off."               Donald               A.

Erickson,               professor               of               education               at               UCLA               says,               "Some               of               the               worst               teachers               I've               ever               seen               are               highly               certified.

Look               at               our               public               schools.

They're               full               of               certified               teachers.

What               kind               of               magic               is               that               accomplishing?

But               I               can               take               you               to               the               best               teachers               I've               ever               seen,               and               most               of               them               are               uncertified               ."               C.

Emily               Feistritzer,               director               of               the               private               National               Center               for               Education               Information,               reveals               that               it               is               difficult               to               even               find               any               link               between               teacher               education               and               pupil               achievement.

She               says               she               does               not               know               "of               a               single               study               that               says               because               a               teacher               has               gone               through               this               or               that               program,               he               or               she               is               a               better               teacher."               Proponents               of               training               programs,               she               continues,               "argue               eloquently               that               teachers               need               to               be               grounded               in               all               these               things,               but               there               has               yet               to               be               a               study               that               shows               that               in               fact               is               the               case."               Professor               Erickson               agrees               with               Ms.

Feistritzer's               assertion               "We               don't               have               evidence               at               all               that               what               we               do               in               schools               of               education               makes               much               difference               in               teaching               competence."               He               added,               "We               have               this               nonsense               idea               that               schools               of               education               have               all               this               esoteric               knowledge,               which               if               we               impart               it               to               people,               will               work               magic.

There's               no               evidence               for               that               at               all."               That               the               home               schooled               demographic               of               children               taught               by               parents               with               only               a               high               school               education               have               equal               to               or               superior               SAT               scores               to               students               educated               by               degree               holding               teachers               itself               is               yet               another               example               that               a               degree               requirement               for               teaching               doesn't               improve               student               outcomes.
               In               2008               the               United               States               Department               of               Labor               noted               that               there               were               4.5               million               public               school               teachers               in               America.

It               is               one               of               the               most               common               occupations               for               those               holding               a               degree.

If               you               removed               the               unnecessary               degree               requirement               from               this               occupation-the               unemployment               rate               for               college               graduates               would               far               exceed               that               of               high               school               graduates.

Teachers               throughout               America               raise               all               manner               of               complaint               that               they               are               underpaid               for               the               level               of               education               they               are               forced               to               attain.

They               are               correct               they               are               underpaid               for               the               cost               government               mandates               to               become               and               remain               credentialed               (the               college               degree               the               most               costly               of               the               credentialing               requirements)-but               their               solution               is               wrong.

Teachers               do               not               deserve               to               be               paid               more               because               they               have               an               unnecessary               college               degree               that               should               not               be               mandated               by               the               government               to               teach-instead               teachers               should               demand               that               the               unnecessary               degree               requirement               from               their               profession               be               dropped               so               that               future               generations               of               Americans               that               want               to               teach               aren't               forced               to               choose               a               negative               return               on               investment               college               degree               in               order               to               pursue               this               occupation.

We               would               have               a               far               better               teaching               demographic               if               new               teachers               simply               were               tested               to               prove               they               understood               the               curriculum               they               would               teach               and               were               placed               in               the               classrooms               of               the               most               effective               teachers               for               one               full               school               year.

This               apprenticeship               program               would               be               far               less               costly               to               society               (remember               that               most               public               colleges               charge               only               about               half               the               cost               of               tuition               while               the               taxpayer               picks               up               the               rest               of               the               cost-unnecessarily               having               a               degree               requirement               on               the               teaching               profession               is               a               negative               financial               return               on               investment               for               not               only               the               student-but               the               taxpayer               that               is               subsidizing               the               education).

I               suspect               that               the               unnecessary               "hoop               jumping"               and               "red               tape"               of               the               college               degree               requirement               on               the               teaching               profession               helps               to               insure               we               have               the               wrong               type               of               people               entering               the               teaching               profession.

Those               that               make               the               best               teachers               have               two               primary               traits-neither               of               which               is               a               college               degree.

The               two               traits               are:
               1)               A               love               of               children.
               2)               The               "ability               to               think               outside               the               box."               By               obtaining               a               negative               return               on               investment               degree               to               teach-and               not               questioning               the               degree               requirement,               the               teachers               that               believe               in               "the               status               quo"               have               proved               their               inability               to               "think               outside               the               box."               Scientific               studies               have               recently               shown               a               strong               correlation               between               high               IQ               (uncommon               in               those               who               have               obtained               a               degree               to               teach)               and               "               the               ability               to               think               outside               the               box               ."               As               noted               earlier-even               with               a               degree               requirement               the               IQ               required               to               be               a               teacher               is               less               than               the               IQ               required               to               be               employed               in               an               administrative               occupation.
               If               you               want               to               significantly               improve               K-12               student               performance               you               would:
               1)               IQ               test               students               and               put               them               on               curriculum               paths               appropriate               for               their               innate               intelligence               (have               a               college               preparatory               curriculum               for               the               best               and               brightest               and               a               vocational               preparatory               curriculum               for               the               average               IQ               and               lower).
               2)               Drop               the               unnecessary               degree               requirement               for               teaching.
               3)               Have               a               one               year               apprentice               program               for               prospective               teachers               to               watch               teachers               that               have               the               best               student               outcomes.
               This               is               not               radical               new               education               theory               I               am               proposing               here-this               is               simply               a               description               of               how               U               S               schools               were               operated               when               America               had               the               best               education/economic               systems               in               the               world.

These               education               principles               were               tied               to               scientific               knowledge               about               intelligence               and               education               and               not               to               dogma.
               In               Massachusetts               Legislators               wanted               to               be               sure               all               college               graduates               could               pass               high               school               level               curriculum               before               they               began               to               teach               and               required               as               the               last               step               of               credentialing               that               college               graduates               pass               a               high               school               curriculum               exam               (to               make               sure               there               weren't               any               Dexter               Manley's               going               into               teaching.

Dexter               Manley               was               an               NFL               player               who               admitted               he               graduated               college               without               being               able               to               read               a               lick).

I               am               sure               the               Massachusetts               Legislature               was               shocked               to               see               59%               of               college               graduates               failed               the               high               school               curriculum               competency               test               .

One               of               the               reasons               high               school               graduates               make               better               teachers               than               college               graduates               is               they               aren't               four               years               removed               from               the               curriculum               they've               forgotten               but               need               to               teach.The               most               likely               culprit               for               this               miserable               performance               is               Algebra-curriculum               that               used               to               be               taught               only               in               gifted               programs               for               the               high               IQ               but               when               it               was               seen               that               those               that               took               Algebra               had               higher               incomes               later-Algebra               became               required               of               all               (because               the               wrong               cause/effect               relationship               was               drawn.

Those               that               had               passed               Algebra               when               it               was               only               a               gifted               program               were               a               demographic               of               high               IQ               and               that               is               why               their               salaries               are               higher.

Now               that               the               Algebra               requirement               is               placed               on               all               students-predictably               the               dropout               rates               have               soared               in               high               school).

Algebra               is               something               only               a               very               small               percentage               of               Americans               will               ever               use               in               a               lifetime               and               should               be               a               course               most               high               school               students               should               never               be               required               to               take               as               it               will               be               something               most               will               never               use.



               It               may               sound               as               though               I               am               coming               down               too               hard               on               the               teaching               profession.

Teaching               is               no               means               the               only               occupation               where               government               has               placed               an               unnecessary               degree               requirement-it               is               simply               one               of               the               most               commonly               held               occupations               that               have               an               unnecessary               degree               requirement               on               the               profession.

We               want               our               engineers,               our               doctors,               and               our               lawyers               to               have               education               pertinent               to               their               career.

Even               with               those               degrees               plans-a               lot               of               time               is               and               money               is               wasted               on               courses               that               have               no               pertinence               to               the               occupation.

This               is               based               on               the               "well               rounding               theory"               that               is               easily               disproved.

Most               of               what               is               learned               in               college               classes               intended               to               "well               round"               a               degree               recipient               is               forgotten               within               a               decade               of               college               graduation               as               the               information               is               not               applied               in               a               career               or               life               in               general.

It's               why               60%               of               Massachusetts               college               graduates               failed               a               high               school               curriculum               exam               as               the               last               step               of               credentialing-in               just               four               to               six               years               on               a               college               campus               they'd               forgotten               curriculum               they               knew               to               get               a               high               school               diploma!
               The               vast               majority               of               the               conservatively               estimated               17               million               college               graduates               that               are               in               high               school               equivalent               jobs               are               individuals               who               are               below               the               median               average               IQ               rating               by               degree/occupation.

So               while               someone               with               an               IQ               as               low               as               95               (just               below               average)               can               kill               themselves               in               college               pursuing               an               engineering               degree               and               making               barely               passing               grades-their               reward               for               all               the               expense               and               effort               in               obtaining               the               engineering               degree               will               be               to               wind               up               in               a               high               school               equivalent               job               because               their               intellect               only               allows               them               to               barely               skate               through               college               but               is               not               an               intellect               that               will               allow               them               to               compete               in               private               sector               real               world               engineering               outcomes.

To               work               in               an               engineering               profession               you               had               better               have               an               IQ               over               120               which               eliminates               about               90%               of               the               population               (it               is               the               fact               that               innate               intelligence               excludes               90%               of               the               population               from               reasonably               expecting               to               become               an               engineer               that               is               the               reason               that               engineers               make               a               lot               of               money).

They               key               to               making               money               is               to               have               an               intellect               that               allows               one               to               pursue               a               degree               which               has               a               lot               of               scarcity               in               degree               holders.

When               you               hear               a               politician               suggest               that               someone               is               poor               because               they               lack               an               engineering               degree-you               can               presume               that               politician               is               not               grounded               in               "the               real               world"               because               the               demographic               of               the               "poor"               is               vastly               over               represented               by               the               demographic               of               the               "lower               IQ"               that               have               no               business               pursuing               the               degrees               that               require               a               high               IQ               to               obtain               and               work               professionally               in.
               Jacob               Hornburger               is               the               President               of               The               Future               of               Freedom               Foundation,               a               graduate               of               the               The               University               of               Texas               Law               School               and               a               former               practicing               attorney.

Mr.

Hornburger               argues               that               the               degree               requirement               and               subsequent               requirement               of               completion               of               law               college               is               unnecessary.

Hornburger               specifically               notes               that               Abraham               Lincoln               never               graduated               from               a               law               school               but               instead               apprenticed               his               way               through               a               private               employer               to               become               an               attorney.

The               most               common               occupation               I've               held               is               one               that               is               now               being               targeted               by               the               government               for               requiring               an               unnecessary               two               year               paralegal               certificate               to               be               a               legal               assistant.

When               I               worked               for               a               law               firm               I               was               told               by               a               Founding               Partner               "Guy,               you               have               no               idea               how               incompetent               these               paralegals               come               to               us               with               Austin               Community               College               paralegal               certificates-you               are               far               better               prepared               to               do               this               job               than               they               are."               I               find               a               lot               of               irony               in               that               for               a               lot               of               government               legal               assistant/paralegal               positions               applicants               are               tested               for               typing               ability               but               not               legal               terminology               knowledge               (which               itself               is               a               "real               world"               indication               that               typing               ability               is               more               important               than               the               education               sought).

If               Jacob               Hornburger               thinks               a               degree               is               unnecessary               to               be               an               attorney-one               can               fairly               easily               hypothesize               that               Mr.

Hornburger               would               believe               that               preferring               a               degree               or               a               paralegal               certificate               to               be               a               legal               assistant               is               an               absurdity               of               far               higher               scale.
               Time               Magazine               journalist               Ramesh               Ponnuru               when               writing               "               The               Case               Against               College               Education               "               lists               a               number               of               occupations               that               currently               have               degree               requirements               placed               on               them               where               they               should               not               exist.

He               has               the               courage               to               cite               his               own               profession,               journalism,               as               one               of               those.

He               writes               "It               is               absurd               that               people               have               to               get               college               degrees               to               be               considered               for               good               jobs               in               hotel               management               or               accounting               -               or               journalism.

It               is               inefficient,               both               because               it               wastes               a               lot               of               money               and               because               it               locks               people               who               would               have               done               good               work               out               of               some               jobs.

The               tight               connection               between               college               degrees               and               economic               success               may               be               a               nearly               unquestioned               part               of               our               social               order.

Future               generations               may               look               back               and               shudder               at               the               cruelty               of               it."
               In               the               50's               when               America               had               the               most               vibrant               economy               and               the               largest               middle               class               the               world               has               ever               seen-it               was               presumed               that               training               workers               was               the               responsibility               of               employers               through               their               apprenticeship               programs.

Business               put               the               best               and               brightest               through               those               apprenticeship               programs.

Business               became               anxious               to               offload               the               costs               of               worker               training               to               the               government-and               government               was               happy               to               oblige               by               promoting               public               colleges               as               the               means               by               which               to               replace               apprenticeship               programs.

This               became               one               of               America's               earliest               examples               of               corporate               welfare               (what               a               "slippery               slope"               that               turned               out               to               be!).

There               is               virtually               nothing               government               does               better               than               the               private               sector               so               where               America               had               highly               efficient               operating               apprenticeship               programs               to               prepare               workers               in               the               50's-today               we               have               what               has               become               a               boondoggle               of               public               colleges               handling               the               responsibility               of               preparing               workers.

Whereas               in               private               sector               apprenticeship               programs               the               "best               and               brightest"               were               selected               for               participation-with               government               running               worker               preparation               programs               through               the               public               colleges               the               ideal               has               become               that               low/average               IQ               workers               that               never               would               have               been               admitted               into               apprenticeship               programs               are               admitted               to               the               public               colleges               at               great               societal               expense               and               no               benefit               to               societal               outcomes.
               Government               higher               education               subsidies               for               worker               preparation               slows               economic               growth.

This               "unintended               consequence"               is               a               reality               exposed               in               the               book               titled               "Going               Broke               by               Degree."               In               "Going               Broke               by               Degree"               a               study               is               included               that               shows               that               for               every               ten               percent               increase               in               government               subsidies               towards               higher               education               a               correlating               negative               5.2%               decline               in               economic               activity               occurs               .

When               there               are               negative               declines               in               economic               opportunities               because               government               has               taken               over               worker               training               from               business               (corporate               welfare)               business               profits               are               harmed.

Corporate               welfare               in               the               form               of               government               public               colleges               taking               over               the               responsibility               of               training               workers               has               proved               to               be               the               epitome               of               a               "lose-lose-lose               proposition"               for               business,               college               students,               and               taxpayers.

The               only               winners               are               over-paid               college               professors               who               today               have               the               gall               in               many               instances               to               not               even               bother               teaching               in               the               classroom-assigning               that               responsibility               to               an               underling               student               working               to               obtain               their               own               advanced               degree.

If               business               could               see               the               forest               instead               of               the               trees-it               would               recognize               all               the               vast               resources               being               wasted               to               train               workers               poorly               in               public               colleges               is               money               that               isn't               used               to               buy               their               products.

Because               government               subsidies               for               this               form               of               corporate               welfare               slow               economic               growth-business               has               slower               profit               growth.

This               is               a               form               of               corporate               welfare               that               doesn't               even               benefit               big               business               in               "the               big               picture."
               In               the               bad               recession               of               the               1970's               Eugene               Garfield               (PhD               Stanford)               started               to               see               the               unintended               consequences               of               America               starting               to               overvalue               a               college               degree               along               with               a               glut               of               unemployed               college               graduates.

Dr.

Garfield               addressed               his               concerns               with               an               editorial               in               an               early               MIS               trade               publication               titled               "               Degrees               of               Absurdity               ."               In               that               editorial               Dr.

Garfield               questioned               private               sector               employers               "over-hiring"               college               graduates               in               occupations               where               a               high               school               graduate               was               perfectly               capable               of               doing               the               job               and               advised               employers               against               the               practice.

One               of               the               reasons               he               cited               was               that               when               college               graduates               are               doing               high               school               equivalent               jobs               they               are               usually               "bored,               restless,               employees."               The               other               problem               he               found               was               the               effect               of               discrimination.

More               young               people               than               old               have               degrees               (in               part               because               every               year               government               increases               higher               education               subsidies)               and               more               Asians               and               Whites               have               degrees               than               African               Americans.

As               government               and               private               sector               employers               have               put               a               lot               of               unnecessary               degree               requirements               on               occupations               America               has               become               a               nation               of               "bored,               restless               employees"               (Occupy               Wall               Street               is               a               manifestation               of               this               phenomenon)               while               the               unemployment               rate               for               older               Americans               and               minorities               has               predictably               soared.

Some               might               argue               that               older               Americans               could               take               advantage               of               the               more               lavish               government               subsidies               for               higher               education               today               but               for               recent               high               school               graduates               a               college               degree               now               provides               a               negative               return               on               investment               over               a               forty               year               working               career.

The               fewer               working               years               you               have               remaining               the               worse               the               investment               becomes.

Private               sector               employers               that               loathe               unnecessary               government               regulations               placed               on               them               that               produce               more               negative               unintended               consequences               than               beneficial               outcomes-should               not               be               a               party               to               this               bad               economics/education               over               regulatory               ideology               that               does               the               same               thing.
               The               next               time               you               hear               a               politician               or               public               college               President               tell               you               the               reason               we               lack               economic               growth               is               that               too               few               Americans               have               a               college               degree-ask               them               how               that               can               be               when               every               decade               America               has               increased               per               capital               college               graduation               rates               and               yet               we               are               still               struggling               in               the               worst               recession               since               The               Great               Depression?

If               education               was               the               key               to               economic               growth               the               50s               should               have               been               a               decade               of               terrible               economic               misery               (only               10%               of               the               population               had               a               degree)               while               today               we               should               be               seeing               the               greatest               economic               prosperity               the               country               has               ever               known               (when               more               Americans               than               ever               before               have               college               degrees               and               long               term               unemployment               is               worse               than               in               The               Great               Depression).

Follow               up               that               question               by               asking               "               when               17               million               Americans               with               degrees               are               in               occupations               that               do               not               require               a               degree               how               can               you               claim               that               too               few               people               having               college               degrees               is               the               root               cause               of               our               economic               problems               unless               you               put               even               more               unnecessary               degree               requirements               on               even               more               occupations?"               The               17               million               Americans               in               occupations               that               do               not               require               a               degree               vastly               understates               the               problem               because               over               the               last               60               years               the               government               has               put               a               lot               of               degree               requirements               on               occupations               where               they               don't               belong.

Do               not               let               politicians               and               public               college               Presidents               misplace               blame               on               Americans-most               the               fault               of               our               economic               problems               lay               with               their               policies               (bad               education               policy               where               occupations               have               unnecessary               degree               requirements               placed               on               them,               bad               trade               policies,               and               bad               energy               policies-are               the               root               cause               of               America's               economic               problems).

The               next               time               you               hear               a               politician               or               public               college               President               citing               China               (Communist               nation)               as               an               example               for               their               higher               college               graduation               participation               rate               and               suggest               we               need               to               emulate               that-ask               them               if               they               fail               to               recognize               that               government               worker               preparation               in               China               through               government               colleges               has               resulted               in               a               glut               of               college               graduates               there               that               can't               find               jobs               .

Politicians               are               wrong               when               they               say               the               jobs               in               demand               require               a               degree-as               The               Economist               reports               the               jobs               that               are               in               demand               used               to               be               jobs               that               students               learned               to               do               in               high               school               in               occupational               classes               and               apprenticeship               programs               (electricians,               plumbers,               sales               people).

Those               high               school               occupational               classes               tied               to               apprenticeship               programs               were               abandoned               for               the               foolish               dogma               that               all               Americans               should               go               to               college               instead.
               The               next               time               you               hear               some               politician               or               public               college               President               blaming               an               American               for               their               lack               of               occupational               success               because               they               chose               not               to               obtain               a               college               degree-consider               that               it               is               those               two               occupations               (politician               and               public               college               President)               who               are               engaging               in               the               cruel               "status               quo"               arrangement               that               unnecessarily               inhibits               a               lot               of               Americans               from               being               able               to               engage               in               "life,               liberty,               and               the               pursuit               of               happiness."               Government               mandates               to               obtain               unnecessary               degrees               in               occupations               has               now               glutted               the               market               with               college               graduates               who               can't               find               jobs               in               those               occupations.
               Congress               should               find               a               way               to               write               legislation               that               circumvents               the               Supreme               Court               Ruling               in               Griggs               vs.

Duke               Power               that               effectively               made               IQ               testing               by               employers               of               prospective               applicants               illegal               as               IQ               testing               used               to               help               employers               identify               what               employees               made               the               best               prospects               for               promotional               apprenticeship               programs.

Two               college               professors-Bryan               O'Keefe               and               Richard               Vedder-wrote               a               research               paper               titled               "               Griggs               vs.

Duke               Power-Implications               for               College               Credentialing."               They               conclude               that               the               unintended               consequence               of               Griggs               vs.

Duke               Power               is               that               the               ruling               effectively               made               a               college               degree               the               pseudo               IQ               test               of               our               day.

As               an               IQ               test-a               college               degree               is               the               most               expensive,               burdensome,               and               least               effective               method               yet               devised               by               man               to               predict               intelligence.

They               also               note               that               if               ever               challenged-unnecessary               degree               requirements               on               occupations               should               be               considered               as               discriminatory               as               IQ               testing               for               the               same               reasons.
               One               government               entity               has               rejected               current               education               dogma               for               the               proved               science               of               psychometrics.

The               Department               of               Defense               when               providing               written               testimony               before               Congress               of               the               value               of               psychometric               testing               said:
               "Research               has               proved               that               cognitive               ability               or               general               intelligence,               is               the               single               greatest               predictor               of               job               success               --               for               any               position.

More               effective               than               resumes,               education,               references               or               interviews,               cognitive-ability               testing               gives               objective               information               to               aid               hiring               decisions."
               The               Department               of               Defense               IQ               tests               all               11th               graders               in               America               with               the               Armed               Services               Vocational               Aptitude               Battery               (ASVAB)               even               though               this               testing               by               the               Department               of               Defense               may               be               in               violation               of               The               Supreme               Court               Ruling               in               Griggs               vs.

Duke               Power.

The               ASVAB               is               so               recognized               for               its               IQ               predicting               prowess               that               it               is               the               control               model               scientists               in               the               field               of               psychometrics               compare               other               tests               to.

The               SAT               for               example,               has               been               found               to               be               82%               as               effective               at               determining               intelligence               as               the               ASVAB.

As               The               Christian               Science               Monitor               and               Wall               Street               Journal               have               reported-businesses               finding               themselves               confronted               with               a               lot               of               college               graduates               with               high               school               equivalent               educational               outcomes-have               started               to               ask               prospective               applicants               for               their               SAT               scores               as               a               way               to               get               a               measurement               of               intelligence               (thereby               bypassing               The               Supreme               Court               Ruling               in               Griggs               vs.

Duke               Power               because               the               employer               isn't               conducting               the               IQ               test).

Given               that               the               ASVAB               offers               an               18%               better               measurement               of               intelligence-one               has               to               wonder               how               long               it               will               be               before               business               figures               out               they               should               ask               prospective               applicants               to               acquire               their               ASVAB               scores               from               the               Department               of               Defense               and               include               those               with               their               employment               applications.

The               Department               of               Defense               is               the               government               department               most               Americans               believe               does               its               job               well.

The               Department               of               Defense               is               more               worried               about               IQ               than               education               .

Prospective               recruits               that               score               in               the               bottom               30%               of               the               ASVAB               today               with               high               school               diplomas               are               rejected               from               serving               while               a               high               school               dropout               that               scores               in               the               top               50%               on               the               ASVAB               will               be               accepted               into               service.

When               high               school               drop               out               Edward               Snowden               was               revealed               as               the               leak               of               the               NSA               surveillance               system               of               Americans-Congress               and               the               mainstream               media               were               beside               themselves               as               to               how               a               high               school               dropout               could               obtain               a               GED               and               become               a               $200,000               a               years               Systems               Analyst               at               the               NSA.

They               obviously               didn't               pay               attention               to               the               Department               of               Defense               when               they               testified               they               get               much               brighter               employees               with               IQ               testing               than               a               college               degree               requirement.

It               has               served               them               well               historically               but               may               not               have               served               them               well               here               because               the               high               IQ               that               don't               put               much               faith               in               "education"               are               notorious               "outside               the               box               thinkers."               One               might               hypothesize               a               college               graduate               would               be               more               conditioned               to               accept               the               bureaucracy               without               contemplation.
               Forbes               editorialist               Dan               Seligman               when               writing               "               College-A               Reality               Check               "               said               "The               U.S.

armed               forces,               where               reality               cannot               be               lightly               dismissed,               has               long               had               a               rule               excluding               the               lowest               10%               of               the               IQ               distribution.

(In               recent               years,               as               the               military               has               been               downsized,               recruiters               have               raised               the               bar               and               now               screen               out               the               lowest               30%.)               The               forces'               experience               with               low-IQ               recruits,               exhaustively               documented,               has               shown               that               they               cannot               handle               the               military's               routine               training               tasks.

An               instant               absurd               result               of               the               current               Clinton               proposal               would               be               to               open               the               gates               of               college               to               hundreds               of               thousands               of               teenagers               not               smart               enough               to               get               into               the               Army."               Dan               Seligman               two               years               later               wrote               an               editorial               that               called               US               education               dogma               "The               Big               Lie."
               I               scored               in               the               top               8%               of               the               population               in               the               "Academic               Ability"               component               (IQ)               of               the               ASVAB.

I               believe               it               is               innate               intelligence               that               has               allowed               me               to               win               national               horse               racing               handicapping               contests               and               create               a               fund               ranking               #81               of               65,000               in               The               Marketocracy               Investment               Challenge.

I               participated               in               The               Marketocracy               Investment               Challenge               after               reading               an               article               in               Forbes               that               the               Stanford               PhD               who               created               the               site               thought               some               of               the               best               stock               analysts               might               well               come               from               people               who               thought               outside               the               box               and               therefore               had               avoided               higher               education.

He               found               his               hypothesis               to               be               true.

The               top               100               performers               had               their               stocks               put               in               a               load               mutual               fund               and               the               top               100               performers               were               paid               from               the               load               fees-but               I               found               the               pay               inadequate               for               the               effort               to               obtain               that               result               and               only               participated               the               first               year.
               Government               requiring               unnecessary               degrees               on               occupations               ,               government               colleges               dumbing               down               the               curriculum               so               the               average               IQ               can               obtain               degrees,               and               businesses               that               were               too               quick               to               outsource               to               government               their               in               house               apprenticeship               programs               to               train               the               brightest               workers               for               promotion-have               now               created               one               gigantic               grand               fiasco               where               Businessweek,               Forbes,               MSN               Money               and               a               multitude               of               other               financial               media               sources               have               written               editorials               expressing               the               truth-that               college               has               become               a               terrible               investment               for               the               taxpayer               and               for               most               Americans               that               are               obtaining               a               degree               (Businessweek               correctly               concludes               that               for               just               about               every               American               who               has               graduated               from               college               the               last               30               years-their               financial               security               would               have               been               much               better               obtained               by               simply               putting               every               dime               they               put               into               higher               education               into               the               stock               market               instead).

The               Wall               Street               Journal               in               their               editorial               titled               "What's               a               Degree               Worth?"               in               essence               found               that               Federal               Government               Accountants-with               Accounting               Degrees-had               erred               in               the               most               basic               of               cost/benefit               analysis               when               it               came               to               calculating               the               return               on               higher               education               investment.

Despite               the               Wall               Street               Journal               ridiculing               the               notion               that               there               is               a               $1               million               wage               premium               for               degree               obtainment,               there               is               virtually               no               day               that               goes               by               that               some               politician               isn't               on               television               citing               that               college               graduate               income               premium               advantage               (fallacy).
               After               reading               the               Wall               Street               Journal               editorial               I               wrote               the               author               and               told               her               she               had               missed               something               when               the               Wall               Street               Journal               did               their               own               analysis.

They               didn't               pay               attention               to               how               the               Census               Bureau               calculated               "synthetic               life               earnings"               as               explained               on               Page               1               of               their               report               titled               "               The               Big               Payoff-Educational               Attainment               &               Synthetic               Life               Estimates               of               Work               Life               Earnings               ."               The               Census               Bureau               started               wages               comparisons               at               25               years               of               age.

Proper               cost/benefit               accounting               has               to               consider               "lost               opportunity               costs"               for               investments.

The               incompetent               Census               Bureau               Degreed               Accountants               didn't               account               for               the               earnings               the               high               school               graduate               made               at               18-24               that               must               be               in               lifetime               earnings               calculations               (the               average               time               it               takes               today               for               a               student               to               graduate               college               is               six               years.

The               wages               they               sacrifice               while               in               class               and               studying               and               not               working               full               time               need               to               be               considered               as               part               of               the               cost               to               attain               a               degree).

The               author               of               The               Wall               Street               Journal               story               wrote               me               back               and               admitted               the               calculation               error.
               Although               I               have               never               taken               an               accounting               course               in               my               life               I               can               do               better               cost/benefit               accounting               than               either               the               Accountants               at               the               United               States               Census               Bureau               or               the               Accountants               at               the               Wall               Street               Journal               as               it               pertains               to               the               return               of               higher               education.

The               National               Center               for               Education               Statistics               indicates               that               as               of               2009-2010               the               average               annual               cost               of               tuition,               books               and               fees               to               attend               college               in               America               is               about               $15,000               .

This               means               the               average               degree               costs               about               $60,000               (even               though               the               average               student               graduates               in               six               years               it's               the               cost               to               obtain               the               credits               to               obtain               a               degree).

Census               Data               indicates               a               high               school               graduate               earns               on               average               $30,000               per               year               over               a               working               career.

Let's               presume               early               in               a               working               career               it's               just               $20,000               (what               you               can               earn               as               a               cashier               at               Walmart).

Working               the               six               years               the               average               person               takes               to               get               a               degree               the               high               school               graduate               has               earned               $120,000               and               saved               $60,000               in               college               tuition               costs.

There               is               virtually               no               income               tax               on               those               low               of               wages               so               let's               say               the               high               school               graduate               invested               the               $180,000               at               age               24               they'd               have               otherwise               spent               on               college               and               let               it               compound               the               next               38               years               at               the               8%               return               that               the               stock               market               has               returned               historically.

That               high               school               graduate               would               have               a               nest               egg               at               age               62               retirement               of               $3,752,172.10.

Additionally               that               high               school               graduate               would               earn               on               average               $30,000               for               those               remaining               38               years               for               a               total               of               $1,140.000.

$3,752,172.10               +               $1,140,000               =               $4,892,172.10.

To               cost/benefit               analyze               what               a               college               graduate               must               earn               for               a               degree               to               provide               a               positive               return               on               investment               you               simply               take               that               $4,892,172.10               and               divide               back               by               the               38               year               working               career               of               the               college               graduate.

$4,892,172.10               /               38               =               $128,741.

In               their               report               the               Census               Data               calculates               the               average               wage               for               an               undergraduate               degree               holder               to               be               $52,200.

So               doing               proper               cost               benefit               analysis               a               college               degree               offers               a               negative               50%               return               on               investment               for               the               vast               majority               of               Americans.
               Many               Americans               think               the               worst               advice               the               government               ever               gave               anyone               was               to               buy               a               house               in               2007               using               an               adjustable               rate               sub-prime               mortgage.

At               least               people               who               made               that               bad               financial               investment               can               get               out               of               that               government               promoted               boondoggle               with               a               bankruptcy               filing.

Student               loan               debt               can't               be               discharged               in               a               bankruptcy               filing!

Given               that               this               is               a               terrible               return               for               the               student,               the               taxpayer               who               through               subsidies               is               forced               to               pay               for               this               nonsense,               and               even               for               business               who               doesn't               understand               these               mis-allocation               of               costs               that               gives               Americans               fewer               dollars               to               buy               their               products-the               new               societal               standard               should               be               any               job               that               pays               under               $75K               a               year               is               a               job               on               which               a               degree               should               not               be               required               and               a               presumption               should               exist               that               the               worker               should               be               trained               with               an               in               house               apprenticeship               program               rather               than               a               college               degree               requirement.

When               I               see               government               job               postings               paying               as               little               as               $1,800               a               month               with               "degree               preferred"               or               "degree               required"               on               them               it               convinces               me               the               world               has               gone               mad.

How               can               government               on               one               hand               promote               that               higher               education               is               the               key               to               economic               prosperity               but               at               the               same               time               prove               that's               not               true               by               posting               jobs               that               pay               so               little?

Today               a               lot               of               intelligent               people               have               concluded               college               isn't               worth               the               cost,               that               the               education/employment               system               designed               with               collusion               between               big               business               and               big               government               education               interests               is               exploitative               of               college               students-and               they're               right.
               America               has               a               lot               of               economic               problems.

Our               false               belief               set               that               government               can               provide               better               worker               preparation               through               public               colleges               over               the               much               more               efficient               employer               provided               apprenticeship               program               is               one               of               the               major               causes               for               those               economic               problems.






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